City Planning 642-001, Fall 2023

University of Pennsylvania
Wednesday, 8:30 am – 11.30 am                                             
Fisher Bennett 244 (34th and Walnut Streets)                                  

Paul R. Levy, President & CEO
Center City District
plevy@centercityphila.org  

Will downtowns recover? Is the office building obsolete? In the last decades of the 20th century America’s cities rebounded when downtowns diversified land-use, evolving from 9-5 office districts to 24-hour, mixed-use business, hospitality, retail, institutional and residential areas with an increasing number of well-managed parks and plazas. In many cities, downtown housing demand pushed prices beyond the range of many residents and issues of equity and inclusion moved to center stage in public policy discussions.

The events of the last three years challenged many core assumptions and assets around which these places were built: walkability and face-to-face interaction in the workplace, at conventions, in hotels, restaurants, cafes and public spaces, all supported by public transit that reinforced and made possible the benefits of density, 

City Planning 6420 will focus on downtown recovery, reviewing the impact of three inter-related events: (1) the pandemic; (2) the duration of state and local government mandated shut-downs; and (3) civil unrest which led to rethinking and reformulating of public safety strategies in many cities. Responding to the pandemic required unprecedented actions by national governments, expedited production by pharmaceutical companies, well-designed and equitable distribution strategies. However, what happens on sidewalks, in stores and restaurants, in office buildings, universities and local health care institutions, in residential neighborhoods and in parks and public spaces is the result of local action: by government, business and civic groups and transit agencies. Some cities capitalized on this crisis to make needed changes, others are still mired in unresolved local challenges. This course focuses on what can be done at the local level and will use Philadelphia’s Center City as a laboratory for exploring strategies that work, but with many other references to North American and global cities.  

REQUIRED READING:

  • Enrico Moretti, The New Geography of Jobs
  • Patrick Sharkey, Uneasy Peace


SUGGESTED HISTORICAL BACKGROUND READING: FACTORS THAT SHAPED U.S. CITIES

  • Robert Fogelson, Downtown: Its Rise and Fall 1880-1950
  • Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier
  • Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities

(1) Course introduction and overview: Downtowns: Declining, Rebounding or Being Transformed? Inclusive or Exclusive Growth? (8/30/23)

  • Class Presentation 8/30/22: Downtown Revitalization & Management | LINK
     

     Readings:  Short term views

  • Bruce Schaller, America’s Urban Future: Post-Pandemic, June 2023 | LINK
  • Arpit Gupta, “Remote Work Is Here to Stay” City Journal, August 2022 | LINK
  • Jack Sidders, London, Paris, NYC's Empty Office Problem Is Only Getting Worse - Bloomberg News, July 2023 | LINK
  • Karen Chapple, “The Death of Downtown? Pandemic Recovery Trajectories across 62 North American Cities,” University of Toronto (Link) and “Let’s Not Make this Toronto’s Story” | LINK
  • “The Working From Home Illusion Fades,” The Economist June 28, 2023 | LINK
  • Gensler, What We've Learned by Assessing More Than 300 Potential Office-to-Residential Conversions | LINK
  • Janelle Nanos and Catherine Carlock, How downtown Boston is recovering depends on which downtown you’re talking about Boston Globe, January 21, 2023, 5:18 p.m. | LINK
  • Center City District, Building Back a More Diverse Downtown, July 31, 2023 | LINK
  • Paul R. Levy, “Accelerating Recovery in 2024” Center City Digest September 2023 | LINK
     

     The Longer-term view: the impact of pandemics

  • Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War (excerpt on the plague) | LINK
  • Edward Glaeser, The Nemesis of Cities LINK
  • Derek Thompson, How Disaster Shaped the Modern City | LINK
     

(2) The city experienced on sidewalks & public places: (9/6/23)

  • Class Presentation 9/6/23: Sidewalks & Public Spaces | LINK
     

     READING

  • Elijah Anderson, Chapters on the Reading Terminal Market and Rittenhouse Square, The Cosmopolitan Canopy | LINK
  • Jan Gehl & Birgitte Svarre, How to Study Public Life | LINK
  • Center City District Retail Update, July 2023 | LINK 
     

First assignment: (1) Compare two blocks on West Market or JFK to same numbered blocks on Walnut or Chestnut or (2) If not the Sixers Arena on Market East, what improvements do you recommend?

(3) The Origins, Decline & Revival of U.S. Downtowns; the role of BIDs (9/13/23)

     Guest Speaker: Jacob Cooper, Partner & Managing Director, MSC Retail

  • Class Presentation 9/13/23: Managing the Public Environment: The Role of a Business Improvement District | LINK

     
     READING

  • Sharkey, Chapters 1-3
  • "The Benefits of Business Improvement Districts: Evidence from New York City," Furman Real Estate Center, NYU, July 2008 | LINK
  • "Starting a Business Improvement District in Philadelphia," The City of Philadelphia Department of Commerce and Drexel University’s Center for Public Policy, June 2012 | LINK
  • “Review of Business Improvement Districts in the U.K.” Institute of Place Management, Manchester Metropolitan University April 2019 | LINK
  • CCD Services; Plan & Budget for Center City District 2023-2027LINK
     

(4) The Great Divergence: Cities in an Era of Populism and Renewed Nationalism; (9/20/23)

  • Class Presentation 9/20/23: The New Geography of Jobs | LINK
     

     READING

  • Moretti, Introduction & Chapter 1
  • Sifan Liu & Joseph Parilla, “Are Large Global Cities Pulling Away from their surrounding Regions,”  Brookings Institution, July 23, 2018 | LINK
  • Ben Casselman “Nashville’s Star Rises as Midsize Cities Break Into Winners & Losers” NY Times, 12/16/18 | LINK
  • Richard Florida & Joel Kotkin, America’s Post-Pandemic Geography, City Journal Spring 2021 | LINK
  • George Packer, How America Fractured into Four Parts, Atlantic, July 2021 | LINK 


     First Paper Due: Office district or Market East: 4-5 pages with photos.

(5) Growth & Equity: Causes & Solutions for Income Disparities (9/27/23)  

     READING

  • Moretti, Chapters 2-4
  • Sharkey, Chapters 4-6
  • Branko Milanovic, “Global Inequality in this Century & the Next” from Global Inequality | LINK
  • Gene Balk, “Will the last middle-class person leaving Seattle turn out the lights?” Seattle Times, April 14, 2017 | LINK
  • Timothy Egan, “Down and Out in San Francisco on $117,000,” New York Times, July 6, 2018 | LINK
  • Richard Shearer & Alan Berube, “The Surprisingly Short List of US Metro Areas Achieving Inclusive Growth” Brookings Institution, April 27, 2017 | LINK
  • Nellie Bowles, “They Can’t Leave the Bay Area Fast Enough,” New York Times, January 14, 2021 | LINK
  • CCD Report, Getting More Philadelphians Back to Work: Business Density and the Role of Black and Minority Owned Businesses, August 2020 | LINK
  • CCD Report, Firing on All Cylinders: Growing Jobs & Small Business by Expanding the Traded Sector, July 2022 
     

     No Class (10/4/23) 

 (7) Office Recovery: Restructuring the Workplace & Remote Work (10/11/23)  

     Guest Speaker:  Jerry Sweeney, President & CEO Brandywine Realty Trust;
     Meet at Cira Center, 2929 Walnut Street | Suite 1700 8:45 am

     READING

  • Richard Florida, “The Death & Life of the Central Business District,” Bloomberg City Lab, May 14, 2021 | LINK
  • Emily Badger and Quoctrung Bui, The Downtown Office District Was Vulnerable. Even Before Covid., New York Times, July 7, 2021 | LINK
  • CCD, State of Center City, 2023, Employment and Office Chapters | LINK
  • Andy Cohen, ”How Desire for Experience is Driving the Flight to Quality,” Gensler, November 2022 | LINK 
  • Cushman and Wakefield, Office of the Future Revisited | LINK
  • Danielle Abril, Gen Z Workers Demand Flexibility, Washington Post, August 11, 2022 | LINK
  • Jody Serrano, “Zoom Mandates Return to Office” MSN.com August 2023 | LINK
  • Lindsay Ellis, “Disconnect Between Remote Workers and Their Companies Is Getting Bigger” Wall Street Journal, August 2023 | LINK
  • Derek Thompson, How A Recession Could End Work from Home, Atlantic 6.23.22 | LINK
  • JLL Roundtable, “RTO/Future of Work” Summer 2023 | LINK
  • CBRE report, Life Sciences: Biotech Revolution Accelerates Demand for Lab Space, June 2021 | LINK

 

(8) Downtown Living: Can Cities Make Room for Affordable Housing? (10/18/23)

   READING

  • Moretti, Chapters 5-7
  • Paul R. Levy and Lauren M. Gilchrist, Downtown Rebirth: Documenting the Live-Work Dynamic in 21st Century U.S. Cities, prepared for the International Downtown Association, October 6, 2013 | LINK
  • Jason Segedy, “Rust Belt Cities Need Investment, Not Gentrification Worries,” Strong Towns, April 6, 2018 
  • “Booming Seattle struggles to stay affordable,” Economist, August 9, 2018 | LINK
  • Quentin Brummet & Davin Reed, The Effects of Gentrification on the Well-Being and Opportunity of Original Resident Adults and Children” Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, July 2019 | LINK
  • CCD Report: Downtown Rebounds: Greater Center City Housing Trends, February 2023 | LINK 
     

(9) Rethinking Public Safety (10/25/23)

  • Class Presentation 10/25/23: 2023 Public safety and responding to homelessness | LINK
     

     READING

  • Patrick Sharkey, Chapters 7-10
  • Ezra Klein interview with James Forman Jr. is a professor of law at Yale Law School and the author “Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America” | LINK
  • Diana Ejaita, “Police reform is not enough. We need to rethink public safety.” Washington Post, March 16, 2021 | LINK
  • “Is Police Reform Possible?" Interview with Police Commissioners Michael Harrison and Charles Ramsey, Penn PAIDEA program | LINK
  •  Paul R. Levy, “Rethinking Public Safety Strategies for Cities” The American Downtown Revitalization Review, July 2021 | LINK
     

     Responding to Homelessness, Panhandling & Quality of Life Issues

  • Jennifer R. Wolch, "Explaining Homelessness," APA Journal, Autumn, 1988. | LINK
  • Don Kligerman, Fairmount Ventures, Evaluation of Pathways to Housing PA, January 2011 | LINK
  • Maia Szalavitz, “Something Better Than a Tent for the Homeless” NY Times 8.24.22 | LINK
  • “JustCARE” - Law Enforcement Assistance Diversion, Seattle | LINK
  • Patrick Sharkey, Chapters 6-7 
     

(10) Developing and Leasing Retail in the Downtown (11/1/23)

  • Class Presentation 11/1/23: Philadelphia's Market Street & Chicago's State Street | LINK 
  • Paige Jaffe Presentation 11/1/23: The Basics of the Business| LINK
     

      READING

  • Center City Retail Report July 2023 (September 2023) | LINK
  • Jenn Elliot, “Is the Retail Reckoning for Regional Malls at an End?” Wealth Management, Nov. 2022 | LINK
     

     Market Street East and Chicago State Street case studies

(11) The Proposed Sixers Arena on Market East (11/8/23)     


(12) BIDs Financing and Managing Park Improvements (11/15/23)

     READING

  • Bryant Park: New York’s Town Square, Bryant Park Corporation, 2018 | LINK
  • Bryant Park, New York City | bryantpark.org/about-us 
  • Discovery Green, Houston, Texas | www.discoverygreen.com
  • Center City District Parks | centercityphila.org/parks 
  • Carol Coletta, “Creating Great Public Spaces” | LINK
  • “Can Anacostia Build a Bridge Without Displacing Its People?” New York Times, 8.9.22 | LINK
  • The Rail Park, Phase 2
     

 (13) Public Transit (11/29/23)

Guest Speaker: Jody Holton, Chief Planning & Strategy Office SEPTA
​​
     READING 

  • 2023 INRIX “Return to Office” Report | LINK
  • Jake Blumgart, “Big Changes Coming to D.C.’s Transit to Boost Ridership” Governing, August 20, 2021 | LINK
  • SEPTA Forward – Response to and Ridership Recovery from the Pandemic, 2022 | LINK
  • Aaron Renn, “We’re a Suburban Nation. We Need to Get Used to It” Governing, December 21, 2021 | LINK
     

(14) Final In-Class Presentations (12/6/23)